Mass and Energy Balances by Seyed Ali Ashrafizadeh & Zhongchao Tan

Author:Seyed Ali Ashrafizadeh & Zhongchao Tan
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

(5.6)

where and are the internal energy of the system respect to reference temperature (T 0). Typical reference temperatures are 25 and 0 °C.

After all, kinetic, potential, and internal energies share some common features. The energy of the system can be transferred only by heat transfer or work, or they are stored in terms of kinetic, potential, or internal energy.

5.3 First Law of Thermodynamics

First law of thermodynamic states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it transforms from one form to another. This is a qualitative expression. For engineering calculations, we need to define quantitative relationship first.

Typical thermodynamic properties include:(a)Intensive properties: The properties that do not depend on the mass, such as density, concentration, and temperature

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